The Central Conflict: Divine Law vs. State Decree
The play begins in the aftermath of a civil war in Thebes. Two brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices, have killed each other in a battle for the throne. The new king, Creon, decrees that Eteocles shall be buried with honors, while Polyneices is to be left unburied as a traitor. Antigone, their sister, views this as a violation of divine law and family duty. She decides to defy Creon’s order, setting the stage for a tragic collision between personal conscience and political authority.
Character Analysis: Antigone, Creon, and Ismene
Antigone is characterized by her fierce loyalty and uncompromising nature. She values the laws of the gods over the laws of men. In contrast, Creon represents the rigid structure of the state; his fatal flaw, or hubris, is his refusal to listen to advice or recognize limits to his power. Ismene, Antigone’s sister, serves as a foil who initially refuses to help, highlighting the extreme risk and courage involved in Antigone’s rebellion.
Key Themes for Essays and Discussion
When writing about Antigone, focus on the theme of 'The Individual vs. The State.' This explores whether a citizen has the right to disobey an unjust law. Another vital theme is 'Gender Roles,' as Creon is particularly insulted that a woman has challenged his authority. Finally, examine the concept of 'Fate and Free Will,' a common thread in Sophocles’ work, where characters’ attempts to control their destiny often lead to their downfall.
The Tragic Resolution
Despite warnings from the prophet Tiresias and his own son, Haemon, Creon imprisons Antigone in a cave. By the time he realizes his error and attempts to release her, Antigone has taken her own life. This leads to a chain reaction of tragedy, resulting in the deaths of Haemon and Creon’s wife, Eurydice. The play ends with Creon alive but broken, serving as a warning against the dangers of pride and the neglect of moral wisdom.
