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In Chapter 22 of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, the narrative tension reaches a breaking point as Victor prepares for his marriage to Elizabeth. This chapter is essential for understanding Victor's deteriorating mental state and his fatal misinterpretation of the Creature's ultimate threat.
As Victor returns to Geneva, his internal monologue reveals the crushing weight of his secret. He reflects on the disparity between his outward appearance of joy and the 'deadly weight' he carries within. Students should look for quotes where Victor describes himself as a victim of fate, emphasizing his growing isolation from those he loves. This section is perfect for discussing the theme of the 'fallen hero' in Gothic literature.
The central conflict of this chapter revolves around the Creature’s promise: 'I shall be with you on your wedding-night.' Victor remains convinced that he is the intended victim. His preparation—carrying pistols and daggers—highlights his paranoia and his failure to recognize the Creature's true target. When analyzing this chapter, focus on how Victor’s ego prevents him from seeing the danger Elizabeth is in, which is a common topic for character analysis essays.
Elizabeth’s letter in this chapter serves as a stark contrast to Victor’s chaotic mind. She offers him an 'out,' asking if his connection to her is a burden. Her willingness to sacrifice her happiness for his underscores her role as the 'ideal' Victorian woman. In class discussions, compare her calm, reasoned tone with Victor’s frantic responses to show the imbalance in their relationship.
Shelley uses the scenery of the voyage to Evian to mirror the mood. The beauty of the lake and mountains provides a momentary sense of peace, yet Victor describes it as a 'mask.' This use of the 'sublime'—nature’s power to inspire both awe and terror—is a hallmark of the Romantic era. Focus on how the transition from the sunny wedding day to the darkening evening foreshadows the tragedy of the next chapter.
Victor is consumed by his own fear and guilt, leading him to believe the Creature intends to kill him personally. His narcissism prevents him from realizing the Creature intends to make him suffer by taking away those he loves most, starting with Elizabeth.
The letter reveals her deep devotion and lack of selfishness. She prioritizes Victor’s happiness over her own, even offering to call off the wedding if he is in love with someone else, highlighting her role as a tragic figure.
The chapter uses a 'calm before the storm' approach. By showing the happy preparations for the wedding and Victor’s temporary relief, Shelley creates a sharp contrast with the violent events that the reader knows are coming, heightening the Gothic dread.
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