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Comparing Chapters 19 and 21 of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

In Chapters 19 and 21 of Mark Twain’s novel, the narrative shifts from the peaceful isolation of the Mississippi River to the complex social dynamics of the shore. These chapters introduce and develop the influence of the Duke and the King, highlighting the contrast between comedic deception and grim social reality.

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Chapter 19: The Arrival of the Conmen

Chapter 19 serves as a turning point where the 'Duke' and the 'King' enter the story. While Huck and Jim have enjoyed a sense of freedom on the raft, the arrival of these two fraudsters brings the corruption of society directly onto their sanctuary. Students often look to resources like SparkNotes to track the specific lies told by these characters, but the core takeaway is Huck’s realization of their true nature. Despite knowing they are frauds, Huck chooses to keep the peace, demonstrating his growing maturity and pragmatic approach to survival.

Chapter 21: The Darker Side of Society

By Chapter 21, the group has moved further downriver into a small Arkansas town. This chapter is famous for its tonal duality: it begins with the absurd and poorly rehearsed Shakespearean performances by the Duke and King, providing a satire of 'high culture.' However, the chapter ends on a somber note with the shooting of Boggs by Colonel Sherburn. This event marks a shift from harmless scams to cold-blooded violence, forcing the reader to confront the lawlessness and lack of empathy in the towns along the river.

Thematic Comparison: Humor vs. Tragedy

Comparing these two chapters reveals Twain’s use of satire. In Chapter 19, the humor is found in the ridiculous claims of the conmen and the gullibility they expect from others. In Chapter 21, the humor of the 'Royal Nonesuch' rehearsals is sharply contrasted by the tragic and senseless death of Boggs. While Chapter 19 introduces the theme of social deception, Chapter 21 explores the consequences of social apathy and the mob mentality that often follows public tragedy.

Study Advice for Essays and Quizzes

When preparing for an assignment, focus on Huck’s internal monologue regarding the Duke and King. Note how his attitude toward them evolves from skepticism in Chapter 19 to silent observation of their cruelty in Chapter 21. For class discussions, consider why Twain chooses to pair the comedy of the conmen with the tragedy of the Boggs incident in the same section of the book. Tracking these shifts in tone is essential for understanding the novel's critique of human nature.

Why does Huck pretend to believe the Duke and the King in Chapter 19?

Huck realizes they are liars almost immediately, but he decides to play along to avoid conflict. He mentions that the best way to get along with 'that kind of people' is to let them have their own way to keep the raft peaceful.

What is the significance of the Boggs incident in Chapter 21?

The shooting of Boggs by Colonel Sherburn highlights the lawlessness and moral decay of the riverside towns. It serves as a critique of Southern 'honor' and exposes the cowardice of the mob that witnesses the event.

How does the setting change between Chapters 19 and 21?

Chapter 19 emphasizes the tranquility of the river before the conmen arrive. Chapter 21 moves the action to a 'one-horse town' in Arkansas, which is depicted as muddy, stagnant, and filled with bored, aggressive citizens.

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